The Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae are two families of flowering plants that are closely related. Both are mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions and include a wide variety of plants.

Euphorbiaceae (The Spurge Family):

• This family is very diverse, with plants ranging from small herbs to large trees.
• Famous members include poinsettias, rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), and castor plants (Ricinus communis).
• Many plants in this family produce a milky sap called latex, which can sometimes be toxic.
• Their flowers are unique, often lacking petals and instead having specialized structures for reproduction.
• Some Euphorbiaceae species are used for medicines, dyes, and oils.

Phyllanthaceae:

• It used to be considered part of the Euphorbiaceae family but is now recognized as its own group.
• This family contains about 2,000 species, mostly found in the tropics.
• The most important genus is Phyllanthus, which includes many species known for their medicinal uses, such as Phyllanthus niruri (used for liver and kidney health).
• Plants in this family can be small herbs, shrubs, or trees.
• They often have small, simple leaves and tiny flowers.